Battle of Hatteras Inlet Batteries
On August 28, 1861, the first combined Union Army and Navy battle of the Civil War concluded at the Battle of Hatteras Inlet Batteries.
In the 19th century, trading vessels filled with goods from the Caribbean caught the Gulf Stream to travel North and sailed past the North Carolina shoreline. The Outer Banks of North Carolina formed the perfect location for raiding ships during the Civil War, and Cape Hatteras Lighthouse served as a lookout tower. When Northern ships were spotted, raiders hiding in the calm waters of the Sound rushed out and captured the ship. The Confederates realized the importance of protecting this area and built four forts near the deepest inlets. Fort Hatteras and Fort Clark were built on the most strategic location, Hatteras Inlet.
Northern businessmen grew frustrated with the loss of goods due to raiders and pressured the Union Secretary of the Navy Gideon Welles to do something. Welles’ plan was to sink old ships in the inlets to make them impassable. Commander H.S. Stellwagen was sent to purchase the vessels.
Naval Flag Officer Silas H. Stringham was put in charge of blockading the Outer Banks. He did not agree with the plan to sink the ships. Being an experienced sailor, he felt the currents would wash the ships away or quickly create a new inlet. Stringham realized the Union had to control the area, which meant capturing the forts. He requested help from the Army for what would be the first combined sea and land operation in US military history.
Benjamin F. Butler was a major general in the Army charged with assembling 800 men to travel with the Navy and attack the forts by land. The men boarded the two ships Stellwagen had purchased to sink in the inlet.
On August 26, 1861, the ships left Hampton Roads, Virginia, and sailed down the coast. The two forts protecting Hatteras Inlet had only twenty guns and fewer than 600 men between them. If reinforcements were needed, they would have to come from the under-manned forts nearby or the mainland.
As the sun rose on August 28, the Confederate soldiers in Fort Clark woke to the sounds of cannon fire from three Union warships. Rather than being anchored, as was routine at the time, the ships kept moving, making it hard for the men in the fort to train their guns upon them. The ships drew close to fire, quickly moved away to reload, before returning for another round. The scarce ammunition from the fort was wasted on shots that consistently missed the ships. By 12:20 p.m., the Confederates ran out of ammunition, abandoned the fort, and fled to Fort Hatteras for safety.
While the Union warships bombed the fort, Butler’s soldiers attempted to land approximately three miles away. About 300 men were able to get on shore before the water became too rough and boats returned to deeper water. Colonel Max Weber commanded the troops, which arrived at Fort Clark as the Confederate soldiers were fleeing. The boats continued to bombard the fort, unaware that it had changed hands. The firing stopped after the Stars and Stripes were spotted.
With Fort Clark secure, Stringham aimed his guns at Fort Hatteras. After a few rounds, the waters became rough again and ships moved deeper. During the night, Confederate reinforcements from Fort Ocracoke arrived by boat. There were now about 700 men in Fort Hatteras, and more were expected. When morning came on August 29, the weather had cleared and the Union Navy resumed its attack. Wet gunpowder prevented the Confederate soldiers from returning fire. After a few hours, commanding officer Samuel Barron surrendered unconditionally.
The capture of Forts Clark and Hatteras were significant for the Union cause. Coming a month after the defeat at the First Battle of Bull Run, it boosted the morale of the North. Having control of the Outer Banks put an end to the raiders who had hidden in the area. The following year, the inlet was used to access the inland during Union General Ambrose E. Burnside’s North Carolina Expedition.
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Glad you shared this Civil War battle with us. I know the waters off of Hatteras can become rough as I have sailed through there while in the Navy on an old destroyer, the USS Charles P Cecil. I had duty on the bridge as we passed through and as rough as it was the Officer of the Deck announced that it was calm in comparison to other passages he had made. Thanks Mystic for enlightening me on a piece of history.
I spent a night off Cape Hatteras on a Navy cargo ship that had me strapped to the side of my bunk on my knees repenting my sins. Roughest waters anywhere.
The caption under the block of four stamps has a slight error. 1972 was the 100th anniversary of the creation of Yellowstone as the nation’s first national park, but the National Park Service wasn’t created until 1916. That came about because Hetch Hetchy, which was within the borders of Yosemite National Park, was dammed as a water tank to supply water for San Francisco. This demonstrated that our National Parks had no real protection from development.
Appears to me the caption is correct, refers to National Parks, not the National Park Service.
The caption under the block of four stamps says, “National Parks Service,” but it’s a small point.