First Flight of the Space Shuttle Endeavour
On May 7, 1992, the Space Shuttle Endeavour embarked on its first mission, STS-49.
Following the Challenger disaster in 1986, space shuttles were grounded for two years, but plans for a new shuttle began. On August 1, 1987, authorized the construction of a new shuttle to replace the Challenger.
For the first time, the shuttle’s name was decided through a national competition in elementary and secondary schools. Children submitted essays about the name, the story behind it, and why it would be fitting for a NASA shuttle. Endeavour was the most popular entry by a wide margin. It was named after the ship that Captain James Cook took on his first voyage of discovery, the HMS Endeavour. Because they used the British spelling (rather than the American “Endeavor”) the shuttle’s name has often been misspelled. For instance, the Priority and Express Mail stamps above have hidden “scrambled indicia” of the names of six NASA space shuttles. However, Endeavour is misspelled Endeavor.
After construction was complete, the Endeavour arrived Kennedy Space Center’s Shuttle Landing Facility on May 7, 1991. Exactly one year later, the Endeavour embarked on its first mission, STS-49. One of the major goals of this mission was to capture the INTELSAT VI satellite. It had been orbiting, but not functioning, and the crew was tasked with replacing its rocket motor. However, the shuttle hadn’t been designed to retrieve the satellite, so a plan had to be developed. In the end, a three-person spacewalk was staged to get the satellite. It was retrieved, the motor replaced, and put back into orbit.
In addition to that mission, the crew had several other objectives. They performed medical tests to study how the human body performed in microgravity. They also put together footage for a video comparing their mission to Captain Cook’s voyage. During their mission, the astronauts also conducted four spacewalks, the first time that many had been done in a single mission. One of these was also the longest spacewalk in history, lasting over eight hours.
Because of the successes of the mission, STS-49 was extended by two days to give the crew time to complete more objectives and prepare to land. When they returned to Earth on May 16, they were the first shuttle to use a drag chute to land.
Endeavour would go on to perform a total of 25 flights. During its second mission that September, the Endeavour carried the first African-american woman into space, Mae Jemison. The following year, it flew the first servicing mission to the Hubble Telescope. Then in 1998, the Endeavour carried the Unity Module to the International Space Station.
The Endeavour, America’s fifth and final operational shuttle, made its last mission, STS-134 in May 2011. Over the course of its career, the Endeavour flew 122,883,151 miles and spent 299 days in space. After it was decommissioned, the Endeavour was sent to the California Science Center in Los Angeles. The shuttle was flown over several NASA and civil landmarks before arriving in Los Angeles. It was then slowly transported through the city streets (click here for a neat video of this journey). Its exhibit officially opened to the public on October 30, 2012.
Click here to view photos of the Endeavour from the NASA website.
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