On March 31, 1918, daylight saving time went into effect for the first time in the United States.
Long before modern societies adopted daylight saving time, ancient civilizations based their activities around the Sun. The Romans used water clocks with scales that changed for different times of the year.
As early as 1784, Benjamin Franklin suggested the idea of adjusting schedules to coincide with the Sun’s light. In his 1784 satirical essay, “An Economical Project for Diminishing the Cost of Light,” Franklin jokingly stated that the people of Paris could use fewer candles if they woke up earlier.
The first official proposal for something similar to daylight saving time came in 1895. New Zealand scientist George Vernon Hudson proposed that clocks shift two hours forward in October and two hours backward in March. While there was some support for this idea, it never materialized.
A decade later, British builder William Willett had his own idea. He suggested that clocks be moved ahead 20 minutes on the four Sundays in April, and then switch back the same way in September. Willett’s proposal eventually reached Parliament but was never made into law.
In America, President William Howard Taft encouraged the passage of a June 1909 bill for his home city of Cincinnati, Ohio, to become the first city in America to adopt daylight saving time. On May 1, 1910, clocks in the city were set ahead one hour and would then fall back one hour on October 1.
Then in 1916, as the world was embroiled in war, many nations recognized the need to save fuel for electricity. Germany and Austria were the first to adopt a daylight saving program when they moved their clocks ahead one hour at 11:00 p.m. on April 30, 1916. Several other nations quickly followed suit that year and the year after.
Pennsylvania industrialist Robert Garland was visiting the United Kingdom and learned of this concept, which was then known as “fast time.” He returned to America and proposed its adoption. President Woodrow Wilson approved the idea and it was signed into law on March 19, 1918. America first entered daylight saving time later that month, on March 31, 1918. The US observed daylight saving time for seven months that year and the next. But with the war over, it grew unpopular and was repealed. Many other nations also abandoned daylight saving time after the war, though Canada, the United Kingdom, and France continued to use it, as well as a few American cities.
As America entered another war in the 1940s, the idea of daylight saving time reemerged. President Franklin Roosevelt signed legislation instituting year-round daylight saving time, also called “War Time,” beginning in February 1942. This remained in effect until the war ended in 1945.
For 20 years there were no more laws concerning daylight saving, which created significant confusion, particularly for travelers and broadcasters. Then Congress passed the Uniform Time Act of 1966. This law stated that daylight saving time would begin on the last Sunday of April and end the last Sunday of October, though states could pass an ordinance to be exempt from it. In the decades since there have been changes to the law, so that now in America daylight saving time begins on the second Sunday in March and ends on the first Sunday in November. Hawaii and Arizona don’t use daylight saving time.
Click here to read the first two American Daylight Saving Time Acts.
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Biggest mistake we ever made. We should never mess with Mother Nature. Daylight Saving Time should be eliminated forever.
Time keeping is a man-made thing and has nothing to do with Mother Nature.
Like the group CHICAGO sang, does anybody know what time it is?
Street lights now turn with a sensor regardless of what watches say and many other modern inventions make clock switcing no longer necessary.
Found it amusing that war was the ultimate reason for changing in the first place.